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          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>https://www.osmikon.de/en/material/images</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>sketch/painting; film; photograph</text>
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          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>1900</text>
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          <name>End date</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3803">
              <text>2020</text>
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          <name>File Type</name>
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              <text>image on website; video file on website</text>
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          <name>Source URL</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>https://www.osmikon.de/en/</text>
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          <name>Tips for Users</name>
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              <text>This is a site linking to multiple digitized collections of photographs</text>
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              <text> images</text>
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              <text> and videos. Most of these collections are pan-European</text>
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              <text> and some of them are cited elsewhere in this guide. Students of Eastern Europe and the Soviet periphery</text>
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              <text> in particular</text>
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              <text> may be interested in some of these websites. Note that some of the websites might be in foreign languages (German and French</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="3816">
              <text> especially). </text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Images</text>
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                <text> Photos</text>
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                <text> and Videos  (Images</text>
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                <text> Photos</text>
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                <text> and Videos )</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Osmikon </text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital collection</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>pre-1917-2020</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Europe; Eastern Europe; Imperial Russia; USSR</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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                <text>Osmikon: The Research Gateway to Central</text>
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                <text> Eastern</text>
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                <text> and Southeastern Europe</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Web Resource</text>
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        <name>civil war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>cold war</name>
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      <tag tagId="34">
        <name>collectivization</name>
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        <name>Eastern Europe</name>
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      <tag tagId="494">
        <name>Europe</name>
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      <tag tagId="38">
        <name>general</name>
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      <tag tagId="495">
        <name>global</name>
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      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>Great Patriotic War</name>
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      <tag tagId="32">
        <name>industrialization</name>
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      <tag tagId="87">
        <name>international relations</name>
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      <tag tagId="33">
        <name>NEP</name>
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      <tag tagId="37">
        <name>perestroika</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="35">
        <name>repression</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>revolution</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>World War I</name>
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              <text>https://yivoencyclopedia.org/media.aspx?query=soviet&amp;perpage=20&amp;start=20</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>photograph; sketch/painting; pamphlet; postcard; poster; archival document</text>
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          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
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          <name>End date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Source URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>https://yivoencyclopedia.org/</text>
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          <name>Tips for Users</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6692">
              <text>The attached page is filtered by the keyword "Soviet"--use other kewords to search the site. </text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Images</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6677">
                <text> Audio</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text> and Video (Images</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="6679">
                <text> Audio</text>
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                <text> and Video)</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>The YIVO Encyclopaedia of Jews in Eastern Europe</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>Digital collection</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1917-1991</text>
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          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>USSR; Eastern Europe</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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        <name>culture</name>
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        <name>Jews</name>
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        <name>nationalities</name>
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      <name>Web Resource</name>
      <description/>
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          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>https://digitalcollections.hoover.org/collections/9709/art/objects?filter=approved%3Atrue%3BcollectionTitle%3AIvan%20Alekseevich%20Vladimirov%20Paintings#filters</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>painting</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>1850</text>
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          <name>End date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>2020</text>
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          <description/>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>OARRSH_00122</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Ivan Alekseevich Vladimirov Paintings Collection (Ivan Alekseevich Vladimirov Paintings Collection)</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Hoover institution</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>USSR</text>
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        <name>civil war</name>
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        <name>Petrograd</name>
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      <tag tagId="337">
        <name>Soviet realism</name>
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        <name>Vladimirov</name>
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          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>http://www.loc.gov/pictures/search/?q=james%20maxwell%20pringle%20album&amp;st=gallery</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>1917</text>
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          <name>End date</name>
          <description/>
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          <description/>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>James Maxwell Pringle Album (James Maxwell Pringle Album)</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Library of Congress</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1917-1918</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>USSR</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Note line 583 for a general reference for the Library of Congress. </text>
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        <name>James Maxwell Pringle</name>
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        <name>Russian Revolution</name>
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      <description/>
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          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>https://www.wilsoncenter.org/collection/kennan-institute-russian-history-audio-archive?_page=1&amp;keywords=&amp;_limit=10</text>
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          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>https://www.wilsoncenter.org/program/kennan-institute</text>
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          <name>Tips for Users</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>Site is sorted by date</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Kennan Institute Russian History Audio Archive (Kennan Institute Russian History Audio Archive)</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
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                <text>Most clips (unless they are explicitly in Russian) have an English voiceover. </text>
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        <name>civil war</name>
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        <name>cold war</name>
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        <name>collectivization</name>
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      <tag tagId="38">
        <name>general</name>
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      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>Great Patriotic War</name>
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      <tag tagId="32">
        <name>industrialization</name>
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      <tag tagId="33">
        <name>NEP</name>
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        <name>perestroika</name>
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        <name>repression</name>
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        <name>revolution</name>
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      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>World War I</name>
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      <name>Web Resource</name>
      <description/>
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          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>https://www.kgbdocuments.eu/</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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              <text>archival document; journal/magazine/neewspaper</text>
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        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
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          <name>End date</name>
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              <text>1991</text>
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          <name>File Type</name>
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              <text>PDF download</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Source URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="5875">
              <text>http://genocid.lt/</text>
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          <name>Tips for Users</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>On the left is a series of categories (NB: you can scroll in this section. There is an interesting page with KGB journals below!). Clicking on a category of interest brings one to a page with a few explanatory paragraphs. Scroll down on this page in order to find a small clickable tag; this tag leads to a page with documents on that topic. One can also search all tags or filter documents using the "extended search for documents" on the top right. After clicking on this search</text>
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              <text> scroll down to view all tags.</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>KGB Documents Online Project (KGB Documents Online Project)</text>
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            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>USSR; Baltic states</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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        <name>Communism</name>
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      <tag tagId="304">
        <name>Eastern Europe</name>
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      <tag tagId="284">
        <name>KGB</name>
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      <tag tagId="721">
        <name>nationalism</name>
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      <tag tagId="283">
        <name>secret police</name>
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              <text>https://argonnaute.parisnanterre.fr/</text>
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          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
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            <elementText elementTextId="6824">
              <text>archival document; photograph; pamphlet</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
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          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>https://argonnaute.parisnanterre.fr/</text>
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        <element elementId="56">
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            <elementText elementTextId="6837">
              <text>Click "recherche" (top right). Then</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text> Museum of Contemporary Worlds)</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Université Paris Nanterre; Hauts-de-Seine conseil général </text>
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          <element elementId="42">
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Digital library</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6828">
                <text>USSR</text>
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                <text>La contemporaine: Bibliothèque</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Note that</text>
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                <text> although this website is navigable with a minimal knowledge of French</text>
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        <name>Russo-Polish war (1919-1921)</name>
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      <tag tagId="758">
        <name>Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</name>
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      <tag tagId="200">
        <name>Vladimir Lenin</name>
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          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6910">
              <text>https://search.library.wisc.edu/search/digital?q=%22Lawrence+Monthey+Photo+Collection%22</text>
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          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6912">
              <text>photograph; archival document</text>
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        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Source URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6918">
              <text>https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/AEastEurope</text>
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        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Tips for Users</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="6919">
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6907">
                <text>OARRSH_00391</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6909">
                <text>University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6913">
                <text>1959</text>
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                <text>USSR</text>
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            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6917">
                <text>Eastern European and Slavic Studies Collection of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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              <elementText elementTextId="6921">
                <text>Web Resource</text>
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        <name>agriculture</name>
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      <tag tagId="41">
        <name>education</name>
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      <tag tagId="236">
        <name>everyday life</name>
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        <name>Lawrence Monthey</name>
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          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>image on website</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
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        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Source URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>https://www.loc.gov/</text>
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        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Tips for Users</name>
          <description/>
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              <text>The link takes one to the page of the Library of Congress collections for the keyword "Soviet Union" filtered by those materials available online. One can also search this library for other keywords using various filters (on the left) in order to narrow the search. </text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>OARRSH_00156</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Library of Congress (Library of Congress)</text>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Library of Congress</text>
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          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2799">
                <text>Digital collection</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2801">
                <text>1917-1991</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2804">
                <text>USSR</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2806">
                <text>Library of Congress</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2808">
                <text>Note this website from the European Reading Room of the LOC: https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/coll/russ.html. This site describes some of the major Russian collections at the LOC. Note that some of these may be cross-referenced in other parts of this guide.  </text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Web Resource</text>
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                <text>Web Resource</text>
              </elementText>
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    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
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        <name>civil war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="36">
        <name>cold war</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="34">
        <name>collectivization</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="38">
        <name>general</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="5">
        <name>Great Patriotic War</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="32">
        <name>industrialization</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="33">
        <name>NEP</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="37">
        <name>perestroika</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="35">
        <name>repression</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>revolution</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="29">
        <name>World War I</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
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      <name>Web Resource</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2019">
              <text>https://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="7">
          <name>Original Format</name>
          <description>The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2021">
              <text>archival document; photograph; sketch/painting; physical object</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Start date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
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              <text>1989</text>
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          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>File Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2025">
              <text>image on website</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Source URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2027">
              <text>https://rrchnm.org/</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Tips for Users</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="2028">
              <text>Click "primary sources" to search sources by country. Note that this resource is primarily for educators</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="2029">
              <text> but may be useful to researchers as well. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2015">
                <text>OARRSH_00112</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2016">
                <text>Making the History of 1989: The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe (Making the History of 1989: The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2017">
                <text>German Historical Institute (Washington</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2018">
                <text> D.C.); National Endowment for the Humanities; Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2020">
                <text>Digital project</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1989</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2024">
                <text>USSR</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="2026">
                <text>Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="2030">
                <text>Web Resource</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="2031">
                <text>Web Resource</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="315">
        <name>fall of the Berlin Wall</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="314">
        <name>fall of the USSR</name>
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    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
